🌡️PHY101 TEMPERATURE AND IT'S MEASUREMENTS

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TEMPERATURE AND IT'S MEASUREMENTS

What definition of temperature do you know?

Let's begin that way

*Definition of Temperature*

*Temperature:* is the measure/degree of Hotness or Coldness of a body. It decided the way heat would flow when two bodies are in contact. It flows from a body with a higher temperature to a body with a lower temperature.

The temperature scales used to measure temperature are:
>Celcius scale (°C)
>Farenheit Scale (°F)
>Kelvin Scale (K)

*The Celcius Scale* : is graduated from 0°C(lower fixed point) to 100°C(upper fixed point)

*The Farenheit scale* is graduated from 32°F(Lower fixed point) to 212°F(Upper fixed point)

*The Kelvin Scale* is graduated from 273k(lower fixed point) to 373k(Upper fixed point)

*Example* : A Celcius temperature scale was used to measure an environ and it measures 54°C. What is the absolute temperature on the instrument if the upper and lower fixed point of that environ is 350°C and 205°C?

Let the measured temperature in the environment be 254°c rather please🤲🏻

Note that once you see the Unit if the temperature mentioned..
You should know the Upper and Lower fixed point of such temperature scale even when not informed in the question given

A surveyor used his Kelvin Scale to measure the degree of Hotness of an object but the object has a temperature range of 250k to 515k and the absolute temperature of the instrument is 313k..
What's the absolute temperature of the object ?

During a laboratory test, a student noticed that the room's temperature dropped from 198°F to 101°F drastically and the absolute temperature of the instrument used to take the reading Was 82°F.. What's the temperate reading of the laboratory room?

Alright..
Let's discuss further on Temperature calibrations

```CALIBRATION OF A THERMOMETER```
To calibrate a thermometer means to put the correct mark of reading at the correct place so that other temperature can be deduced from theses marks. To do this, two extreme points are chosen to mark its scale and these points must be able to reproduce accurately. The bulb of the uncalibrated thermometer is placed in the steam point (upper fixed point) and it is arbitrary given as 100°C. The bulb of the uncalibrated thermometer is placed in the ice. The mercury level is marked, this is taken as the ice point (lower fixed point), and it is arbitrary given as 0°c.

*Thermometric Liquid*

Not every liquid is suitable as a thermometric liquid. A liquid used in thermometers must have the following properties:
i. It must expand and contract uniformly and readily
ii. It must be seen easily. Alcohol and mercury are two liquids most commonly used.
iii. It must have a high boiling point and a low melting point
iv. It must be a good conductor of heat
When choosing a thermometer, there are three features to consider: [range, responsiveness and sensitivity.]

*RANGE*
This refers to a scope of temperature it can measure. It is affected by the length of the stem. The longer the length of the stem, the larger the range of thermometer.

*RESPONSIVITY*
It can read precisely to smaller units of temperature. It is affected by size of the bulb and the thickness of the bulb wall. The larger the bulb, the less responsive (since there is more liquid in the larger bulb). Also, bulb wall usually made to be thin so that conduction of heat energy can occur as quickly as possible.

*SENSITIVITY*
A sensitive thermometer has better precision. It can read precisely to smaller units of temperature. It is affected by size of the bulb; thickness of the bulb wall and narrow tube. Smaller bulb, thinner wall and smaller bore help to increase sensitivity of the thermometer. A smaller bulb contains less mercury and hence absorbs heat in short time. As a result, it can respond faster to temperature change. A glass bulb with thinner wall can transfer heat to the bulb.
Therefore, the thermometer can respond quickly to small change of temperature near the surroundings. Capillary tube with a narrow bore produces a greater change in the length of the mercury column. Therefore, a small change in temperature can be detected.

*Written by:*
         Mr Adebayo Ayomide

✍️ *FLASHPEE EDUCATIONAL TEAM*

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