CHE101🧫🩸. ATOMIC THEORY

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*ATOMIC THEORY*


What do you understand by the word ATOM?

[5/26, 20:23]  Paul 100l: Smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

*THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER*

Electricity is the investigation of the forces created by charged particles, especially electrons, and the motion and interactions of those particles.

*THE ELECTRON* is a fundamental component of matter and is composed of matter and is considered to have the smallest possible unit of negative charge.

In comparison to ordinary visible objects in our environment, the electron is an extremely small particle having a mass of only 9.109 × 10^-31 kg

*ATOMIC STRUCTURE*

All matter is composed of *atoms* , each of which has a central *nucleus* like satellites around the earth.

*The nucleus* contains one or more positively charged particles called *protons*

The positive charge of a proton is "opposite" to the negative charge of an election, in the sense that the total, or net charge of the combination is zero

An atom has the same number of electrons in orbit as it has protons in it's nucleus is electrically neutral

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom uniquely determines the elements it represents

ATOMIC FORCES

Shows that like charges repel and unlike charges attract

*ELECTRON SHELLS*

The atoms of other elements contain additional electron shells  that are farther removed from the nucleus than the electron shell.

Each shell is designated by a letter (k.l.m and n) and there is an upper limit on the number of electrons which each shell can contain

Let's assume k = 1, l=2 and so on

Z = 2n² electrons

where  Z is the maximum number of electrons that nth shell can contain

*JOHN DALTON*

He is a British chemist, physicist, meteorologist who proposed the first modern atomic theory in *1808*
Dalton's atomic model: Billiard Ball Model

*5 POINTS OF DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY*

1. All matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.

2. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed

3. All atoms of a particular element are identical

4. Compounds are formed through the combination of elements

5. Chemical reactions involve atoms recombining to form new substances

  *J.J THOMPSON*

1. He studied behavior of strange beams in evacuated glass cathode ray tubs (CRT) in 1897

2. When high voltage is applied across a CRT tube, florescence is produced from an invisible beam striking a ZnS coating

3. He concluded that cathode rays consist of tiny particles

4. These charged particles were smaller than the thinnest atom and came from within the atoms of the metal cathode

5. These subatomic particles were called *ELECTRONS* and led to the plum pudding model

To be continue....

*Written by:*
           _Mr Peter Olabiyi_

*✍️FLASHPEE EDUCATIONAL TEAM*

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This is wonderful
June 4, 2022 at 8:12 PM
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