📏MEE101

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*INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USE*

1️⃣. *Drawing Sheet:* is a white paper on which an object us drawn which is available in various sizes.

*Types*
⏺️. A2 -  420 * 594
⏺️. A3 -  297 * 420
⏺️. A4 -  210 * 297
⏺️. A5 -  148 * 210

2️⃣. *Drawing Board:* is used to support drawing sheet. Therefore, the size of the board is made according to the size of the drawing sheet.

*Types*
_Length * width * thickness_

⏺️. D1 - 1000 * 700 * 25
⏺️. D2 -  700 * 500 * 15
⏺️. D3 -  500 * 350 * 15

3️⃣. *Tee square:* is used to draw horizontal and vertical lines on drawing sheet. The vertical part of T is called *BLADE* while the horizontal is *HEAD*.

4️⃣. *Compass:* is used to draw/ construct an arc or circle with known dimensions engineering drawing

5️⃣. *Divider:* is used to divide a line or curve into equal parts

6️⃣. *Set squares📐:* is used to draw lines with an angle between them.

*Types*
⏺️. 30° by 60° set sqr.
⏺️. 45° set sqr.

7️⃣. *Protractor:* is used to draw and measure the angles of lines in the drawing

8️⃣. *French Curves:* They have irregular shapes and used mainly/mostly in tangency

9️⃣. *Pencils:* is used to draw on the paper.

*Hardness*
⏺️. 3H - Very hard. (construction lines)

⏺️. 2H - Hard.  (dimension lines, centre lines and hidden lines)

⏺️.   H - Moderately hard. (object lines and lettering)

⏺️. HB - Medium hard. (dimensions and boundary lines)

⏺️.  2B - Soft and black

⏺️.  3B - Very soft and black

1️⃣0️⃣. *Eraser:* is used to remove the lines/spots which is drawn by mistake or with wrong measurement

1️⃣1️⃣. *Paper tape:* is used to hold the drawing sheet firmly when placed on the drawing board

*TITLE BLOCK*
It is necessary to give some information to enable others understand what the drawing is after the drawing has been laid on the paper. Such information includes
1. Size (scale)
2. Name of the drawing.
3. Name of the object
4. Date of the drawing e.t.c

All these information above is shown on the title block which is usually at the bottom right hand corner of the drawing paper.

*LETTERING*
This is the art of writing of letters and numbers in bold form or lower case form on drawing
*Good lettering* are very pleasing to look at. It has more to the beauty.
A good lettering should be carefully made with freehand.  It must be legible and uniform.  It must be equally spaced.

Written by:
      *_Flashpee💓_*


*TYPES OF LINES*

1️⃣. Straight line
2️⃣.  Curved line
Horizontal line
Vertical line
Oblique or slant line
Thick continuous line
Thin continuous line

And so on

*GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION*

*BISECTING LINES*

_Bisecting a line segment with a compass and ruler_

*Step 1️⃣:* Place the compass on one end point of the line segment.
Draw an AEC above and below the line at  any convenient radius

*Step 2️⃣:* Without changing the compass width, place the compass on point B.
Draw an arc above and below the line so that the arcs cross the first two arcs.

*Step 3️⃣:* Use a ruler📏 to join the points where the arc intersect.

The line segment /CD/ is the bisector of AB

_Bisecting angles without a Protractor_

*Step 1️⃣:* Place the compass on the vertex of the angle (Point B).
Draw an arc across each arm of the angle.

*Step 2️⃣:* Place the compass on the point where one arc crosses an arm and draw an arc inside the angle.
Without changing the compass width, repeat for the other arm so that the two arc cross.

*Step 3️⃣:* Use a ruler📏 to join the vertex to the point where the arcs intersect D.
/DB/ is the bisector of ∆ABC

_Constructing special angles without a Protractor_

*Step 1️⃣:* Draw a line segment JK. With the compass point J, draw an arc across J and above point J

*Step 2️⃣:* Without changing the compass width, move the compass to the point where arc crosses JK, and draw an arc that crosses the first one.

*Step 3️⃣:* Join point J to the point where the two arc meet point P.  ∆PJK = 60°

_Constructing ∆ when certain angles and sides are given_

1️⃣. Construct ∆ABC, with 2 angles and one side given.

2️⃣. Construct ∆KLM, with 2 sides and an angle given

3️⃣. Construct  right-angled ∆PQR, with hypotenuse and other side given.

*Challenge*

1. Construct these triangles:
△STU, with three angles given: S=45∘, T=70∘ and U=65∘ .

2. △XYZ, with two sides and the angle opposite one of the sides given: X=50∘ , XY=8 cm and XZ=7 cm.


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